It can be seen that the current relevant foreign policies are very flexible, and its purpose is to reduce the pressure on battery production companies and battery recycling companies, and to increase the enthusiasm of companies and consumers to participate. This may be of reference to the formulation of domestic policies and corporate recycling strategies.
Battery standards need to be regulated
The first thing to be solved for power lithium batteries to be used in stages is the standardization of batteries. Liu Yanlong, secretary-general of the my country Chemical and Physical Power Industry Association, told reporters that in order to facilitate battery recycling and final dismantling, standardization should be carried out when producing battery modules. In order to realize subsequent cascade utilization.
In Liu Yanlong's view, there are many manufacturers of power lithium batteries that are decommissioned today, and the models are diverse. Even if the batteries of the same manufacturer and model come from different models, their grouping methods and structures may be quite different. will be very troublesome.
In fact, battery companies are also looking forward to the standardization of battery modules. Yang Jie, a marketing and salesperson of AVIC Lithium Battery (Luoyang) Co., Ltd., said that there are indeed many domestic power lithium battery specifications, and it is difficult for the company to achieve standardized production, resulting in high production costs. Our company's current goal is to select 2~3 types of batteries to achieve standardized production. The higher the degree of battery uniformity, the lower the production cost of the company, which also lays the foundation for later stage utilization. Yang Jie said.
An industry insider told reporters that the purpose of recycling electric vehicle power lithium batteries is to prevent environmental pollution and promote resource regeneration. The cascade utilization and dismantling of batteries is obviously the core part of battery recycling. To ensure that battery recycling can be implemented, corresponding penalties Measures are an important guarantee for the advancement of the system.Also read:custom built lithium battery pack
Reward and punishment measures should be followed up
The policy draft requires the implementation of a coding system for power battery products, which can be of great use for follow-up tracking and supervision of company recycling. According to the draft for comments, power battery production companies should code all power battery products produced (or imported), and establish a traceability system to track the flow of power batteries. Liu Yanlong explained to reporters that the battery code is convenient for statistically tracking the flow of products and detecting whether waste batteries flow into the recycling system.
In addition, the draft for comments also requires that electric vehicle and power battery production companies be responsible for counting the types, types (battery packs, battery modules or single batteries), quantity, weight, whereabouts, etc. of waste power batteries recycled (or commissioned) by the company information, and report the relevant information of the previous year to the competent department of industry and information technology in the first quarter of each year.
The scrapped vehicle recycling and dismantling company is responsible for counting the type, quantity, weight, whereabouts and other information of the dismantled waste power batteries, and reports the relevant information of the previous year to the competent authority in the first quarter of each year.
Liu Yanlong strongly agrees with this approach. He believes that it is impossible for government departments to personally check the whereabouts of each battery, but they can conduct spot checks and supervision based on the company's feedback.
In addition to monitoring the flow of used batteries, reward and punishment measures for companies that do not meet the standards should also be clarified. Liu Yanlong suggested that clear reward and punishment measures will help urge relevant companies to complete recycling tasks and improve battery recycling rates.
Don't ignore the qualification of the regeneration company
At present, whether battery recycling companies have the ability to deal with retired batteries is another issue worthy of attention. Wang Zidong, director of the National 863 Electric Vehicle Major Special Power Lithium Battery Testing Center, told reporters that the stability and consistency of decommissioned power lithium batteries are far inferior to new batteries, and the danger is also increasing, which requires the technical capabilities of recycling companies. High, there are very few domestic companies that can meet this requirement.
As Wang Zidong said, domestic laws and regulations have strict regulations on battery recycling companies. Companies must apply for a hazardous waste business license to engage in waste battery recycling and processing. It is understood that there are not many companies that can obtain this qualification.
Some people in the industry communicated with reporters that a strict market access mechanism must be established for the recycling of power lithium batteries. It is one of the important conditions for obtaining recycling qualification.
It can be seen that the non-pollution of electric vehicles cannot only stop at the requirement of zero emission, and the pollution-free of the whole life cycle is the ideal state of industrial development. Power lithium batteries are the most important part of electric vehicles. Only when power lithium batteries are used in cascades and treated in a harmless manner can electric vehicles truly become green vehicles.
Whether electric vehicles are truly environmentally friendly and whether power lithium batteries can be properly recycled are the key links. However, the reporter found that the recycling of decommissioned power lithium batteries, in addition to the policy system still needs to be improved, there are also some difficulties in the economic and technical aspects.
There are many kinds of lithium batteries in China, and the battery structure is complex and there is no uniform standard. To use decommissioned batteries in cascades, dismantling, sorting and secondary grouping are required. The process is complicated, and the recycled batteries come from different manufacturers or specifications. The difference means that the battery PACK may require various design methods, which will add secondary group design costs and processing costs, resulting in complicated dismantling and recycling processes, making it difficult to form industrialized operations.
Liu Yanlong, secretary-general of the my country Chemical and Physical Power Industry Association, said that due to the above situation, the cascade utilization of decommissioned power lithium batteries for electric vehicles is still at the theoretical level. Although some companies are conducting related research, the actual application experience is still insufficient. Therefore, there are still many problems in the cascade utilization of decommissioned power lithium batteries.
So is material recycling feasible? According to the relevant experience of experts and technicians in waste battery recycling companies, mechanical and wet methods are used to recycle waste lithium iron phosphate batteries. The material recovery rate is calculated according to 90%, and waste lithium iron phosphate power lithium batteries are recycled. The cost of recycling is higher than the benefits of recycled materials. The domestic cost of recycling lithium carbonate from lithium batteries is more than 5 times the company's direct production cost, which leads to the company's lack of enthusiasm for recycling, coupled with the lack of government policies to encourage recycling, the recycling of power lithium batteries is facing great difficulties.Also read:10kwh lithium battery 48v
In addition to the high cost of recycling, there are also many technical problems. A staff member of CITIC Guoan Mengguli Power Technology Co., Ltd. revealed to reporters that in the production process of new batteries, the factory test (including performance, life, thermal stability, safety, etc.) is generally completed through sampling methods. The situation of decommissioned batteries is more complicated, and more tests are required to judge battery performance. However, the number of batteries used in cascades is huge, and the method of sampling inspection is obviously not applicable, and the time and cost of inspecting the batteries one by one are not allowed. Regarding this problem, no suitable solution has been found yet.
The management of cascade utilization of batteries in groups is another difficult problem. An industry insider told reporters that the internal resistance characteristics, electrochemical characteristics, and thermal characteristics of PACKs composed of batteries produced by different manufacturers are not the same, and the development of BMS is even more difficult.
However, according to Jian Liang, an analyst at CCID Consulting's Automotive Industry Research Center, the cost and technical bottlenecks of decommissioned power lithium batteries are not insurmountable. With the continuous development of electric vehicles, power lithium battery companies are also constantly making technological innovations, and the cost of batteries will drop significantly in the future. In addition, as the number of power lithium battery recycling increases, there will be a scale effect, the company's processing costs will be diluted, and the economic benefits brought about by the cascade utilization of decommissioned power lithium batteries will gradually emerge.
Use policies to stimulate the enthusiasm of all parties
According to the author's current understanding, the economic efficiency of decommissioned power lithium batteries in the field of cascade utilization and recycling is not high. Companies and individuals may not be very enthusiastic about participating in recycling, but battery recycling is imperative. How to make companies and It is an important issue for the government to consider in the future that individuals can take the initiative to participate.